Class I

Class II

Class III

Class IV

Blood Loss Percentage

Volume

<15

750

15—30

800—1500

30—40

1500—2000

>40

>2000

Blood pressure:

Systolic

Diastolic

Unchanged

Unchanged

Normal

Raised

Reduced

Reduced

Very low

Pulse

(Beats/min)

Slight tachycardia

100—120

120

>120

Capillary refill

Normal

Slow (<2s)

Slow (>2s)

Undetectable

Respiratory rate

Normal

Tachypnoea

Tachypnoea

Tachypnoea

Urinary flow rate

(ml/h)

>30

20-30

10-20

0-10

Extremities Colour

Normal

Pale

Pale

Clammy and cold

Complexion

Normal

Pale

Pale

Ashen

Mental State

Alert

Anxious or Aggressive

Anxious, aggressive, drowsy

Drowsy, confused or unconscious