Trigeminal Neuralgia

Trigeminal Neuralgia is a poorly understood disorder in which sudden nerve impulse discharges occur in the sensory nerve of the face—the fifth cranial (trigeminal) nerve —on one side. These impulses cause episodes of excruciating stabbing pain in the cheek, lips, gums, chin, tongue or forehead, lasting for only a few seconds or, at most, a minute or two. Usually it is so intense that the affected person becomes quite distressed.

 

The severity of the pain causes the muscles of the face to go into spasm, hence the earlier name given to this condition— ‘Tic douloureux’.

 

There is often a lingering ache in the same distribution, when the sharp pains have gone.

 

 

Recognition and Symptoms

 

The condition affects all age groups, particularly the middle-aged and elderly, causing repeated attacks over periods of time. During these periods, the affected person may be constantly ‘on edge’ in anticipation of the next stab.

 

A feature of the condition is that it may be brought on by touching a particular part of the face or any other area supplied by the trigeminal nerve, such as the lips, gums, tongue and cheek. It may therefore be precipitated by chewing, swallowing, speaking or even washing and shaving.

 

 

Treatment

 

This may involve taking drugs (such as Carbamazepine and Baclofen), receiving injections of local anaesthesia and glycerol, or occasionally surgery.

 

Good long term control of pain is frequently achieved.

 

 

This leaflet has been designed for you to improve your understanding of your condition, and contains an explanation of many commonly asked questions. If you have any questions or would like further explanation please discuss this with your doctor or attending nurse